The seas of Arabia are alive with carnivores. 阿拉伯海到处都是食肉动物。
Sharks and rays patrol the coral reefs, 鲨鱼和鳐鱼在珊瑚礁上巡逻，
hunting down their prey. 追捕猎物。
Toxic fish disguise themselves 有毒的鱼会伪装自己
to ambush the unwary. 伏击粗心的人。
And bizarre armored predators 还有奇怪的装甲食肉动物
devour the vulnerable. 吞噬弱势群体。
These are the Carnivores of the Coral Garden. 这些是珊瑚园的食肉动物。
In the remote northwest corner of the Indian Ocean, 在印度洋的西北角，
the seas around Arabia 阿拉伯周边海域
are among the richest in the world. 是世界上最富有的人之一。
Nowhere is this more evident 这一点再明显不过了
than in the coral gardens off the coast of Oman. 比阿曼海岸的珊瑚园还要多。
Here a rare upwelling of cold water 这里有一股罕见的冷水涌上来
brings nutrients to the surface 把营养物质带到表面
and, with it, an explosion of life. 随之而来的是生命的爆炸。
The Sultanate of Oman 阿曼苏丹国
is on the south-eastern coast 在东南海岸
of the Arabian Peninsula. 阿拉伯半岛的。
The country has over 200 square miles of coral reef 这个国家有200多平方英里的珊瑚礁
in its coastal waters. 在它的沿海水域。
Unlike some of the world's more famous coral reefs, 与世界上一些著名的珊瑚礁不同，
Oman's remain largely unexplored. 阿曼的大部分地区尚未勘探。
But spend a day here 但在这里呆一天
and the carnivores will reveal themselves, 食肉动物会暴露自己，
each with its own special tactics to survive. 每个人都有自己独特的生存策略。
It's dawn. 天亮了。
A top carnivore looks for a place to rest 顶级食肉动物寻找休息的地方
after a night of hunting. 经过一夜的狩猎。
A zebra shark, 斑马鲨，
an apex predator in the Gulf of Oman 阿曼湾的一种顶级食肉动物
and a permanent resident of this reef. 是这个珊瑚礁的永久居民。
Growing up to eight feet, 长到八英尺，
this solitary shark is no threat to fish or humans... 这条孤独的鲨鱼对鱼和人类没有威胁。。。
..but crustaceans and mollusks had better beware. ……但是甲壳类动物和软体动物最好小心。
This carnivore prefers prey that hides in the crevices of the reef at night 这种食肉动物喜欢晚上躲在暗礁缝隙里的猎物
and in the sandy sea floor. 在沙质的海底。
Up close, this one reveals 近距离看，这张照片揭示了
its distinctive spotted skin pattern. 它独特的斑点皮肤图案。
It more closely resembles a leopard than a zebra. 它更像豹子而不是斑马。
But this is an adult. 但这是个成年人。
The zebra shark begins life with dark stripes 斑马鲨以深色条纹开始生活
and that's how it gets its name. 这就是它的名字。
As a juvenile grows, 随着青少年的成长，
the dark bands gradually morph into small dark blotches on a yellow skin. 在黄色的皮肤上，黑色的条纹逐渐变成小的黑色斑点。
It's unusual for an animal to be named for its juvenile markings. 动物因其幼年的斑纹而得名是不寻常的。
This radical change of pattern is common among carpet sharks, 这种模式的彻底改变在地毯鲨中很常见，
the order of animals to which the zebra shark belongs. 斑马鲨所属动物的目。
Fully grown, this adult's tail, or caudal fin, 成年的，这个成年人的尾巴，或者尾鳍，
is almost half the size of its entire body. 几乎是整个身体的一半。
It's inefficient for high-speed or long-distance swimming. 对于高速或长距离游泳来说效率低下。
But this carnivore doesn't migrate like many other sharks. 但这种食肉动物不像其他鲨鱼那样迁徙。
It also doesn't need speed to catch its mostly slow-moving prey... 它也不需要速度就可以抓住大部分移动缓慢的猎物。。。
..but it does need agility. ……但它确实需要敏捷。
The tail, along with fixed pectoral fins, 尾巴，还有固定的胸鳍，
enables it to carefully navigate around the reef. 使它能够在暗礁周围谨慎航行。
Although solitary by nature, 虽然天生孤独，
the zebra shark is rarely alone. 斑马鲨很少独处。
This female has a number of carnivorous freeloaders in tow this morning. 今天早上这只母的有很多食肉的白食者在拖。
Remora fish often travel with sharks. 雷莫拉鱼经常和鲨鱼一起旅行。
They stick close to their host 他们紧跟着主人
to feed on its parasites and dead skin. 以寄生虫和死皮为食。
But this nocturnal hunter will soon take a break. 但这个夜行猎人很快就会休息一下。
She'll rest in daylight hours and resume her hunting later. 她将在白天休息，稍后再继续打猎。
On the hunt for the same hard-shelled prey... 在寻找同样坚硬的猎物时。。。
..is a close relative of the shark, …是鲨鱼的近亲，
a stingray. 黄貂鱼。
Also largely nocturnal, 也主要是夜间活动，
this one cruises menacingly over the sand 这只在沙滩上危险地巡航
looking for a final meal. 找最后一餐。
Rays are essentially sharks 鳐鱼本质上是鲨鱼
with flattened bodies and extended tails. 有扁平的身体和延伸的尾巴。
Stingrays have a venomous barb on theirs, 黄貂鱼身上有毒刺，
which they can flick over their heads 他们可以轻拂他们的头
at a would-be attacker. 对一个潜在的袭击者。
A sting can be excruciatingly painful 刺痛是非常痛苦的
but human fatalities are extremely rare. 但是人类的死亡是极其罕见的。
Despite their dangerous reputation, 尽管他们的名声很危险，
they rarely use their tails for aggression or defense. 它们很少用尾巴来攻击或防御。
This black-blotched stingray 这条黑斑黄貂鱼
presses its body flat 把身体压平
and churns up the sand in an undulating movement 以起伏的运动搅动沙子
to unearth prey hiding under the surface. 挖掘隐藏在地表下的猎物。
It doesn't strike it lucky the first time, 第一次不走运，
so circles round to try again. 所以转过来再试一次。
The stingray has large spiracles behind its eyes, 黄貂鱼的眼睛后面有大的呼吸孔，
openings through which it draws water in. 它从中吸水的开口。
It blows it out through its underside gills, 它通过它的下颚把它吹出来，
creating turbulence in the sand. 在沙子中制造湍流。
Like the zebra shark, 就像斑马鲨，
this bottom-feeder can crush even the most hard-shelled prey. 这种底部喂食器甚至可以粉碎最坚硬的猎物。
It has up to 90 rows of teeth in its mouth. 它嘴里有多达90排牙齿。
Its journey around the reef looks almost effortless. 它环绕礁石的旅程看起来几乎毫不费力。
Its large, rounded pectoral fins 它的胸鳍又大又圆
are fused with its body, 与身体融合，
creating a circular disk. 创建圆形磁盘。
It swims by, creating an undulating wave of movement, 它游过，创造出起伏的运动波，
which ripples down its body and propels the stingray forward. 它的身体荡漾着，推动黄貂鱼前进。
At up to six feet across 直径达6英尺
and weighing more than 300lbs, 体重超过300磅，
the black-blotched is one of the world's largest species of stingray. 黑斑点鱼是世界上最大的黄貂鱼物种之一。
The global population is unknown 全球人口是未知的
but here in Arabian waters, 但是在阿拉伯水域，
they're a rare sight. 它们是罕见的景象。
This one takes a moment to rest. 这个需要休息一会儿。
But it will need to find a more private place to relax 但它需要找一个更私密的地方放松一下
during daylight hours. 在白天。
Even with a barbed tail, 即使有带刺的尾巴，
lying out on an exposed reef can be dangerous. 躺在裸露的礁石上会很危险。
In a murky reef crevice, 在暗礁缝隙里，
a second stingray settles into its daytime hideaway. 第二条黄貂鱼在白天的隐蔽处安顿下来。
But the stingrays are not the only ones seeking shelter. 但是黄貂鱼并不是唯一寻求庇护的动物。
A couple of nervous and also nocturnal squirrelfish 一对神经质的夜间活动的松鼠鱼
are trying to avoid the emerging daytime predators. 试图避开白天出现的掠食者。
The zebra shark also needs a place to rest by day. 斑马鲨白天也需要一个休息的地方。
Her size means she has little to fear out in the open. 她的体型意味着她在户外没有什么可担心的。
But what's remarkable about this shark 但是这条鲨鱼有什么特别之处
is that she can breathe whilst stationary on the seafloor. 她在海底静止时可以呼吸。
Pelagic sharks, those found in open ocean like great whites, 远洋鲨鱼，像大白鲨一样在外海发现的鲨鱼，
would die if they stopped swimming. 如果他们停止游泳就会死。
Their continuous movement forces oxygenated water across their gills, 它们持续不断的运动迫使含氧的水流过鳃，
enabling them to breathe. 使他们能够呼吸。
But the zebra shark can pump her own water. 但斑马鲨能自己抽水。
Small mouth movements draw it in through her mouth 小嘴的动作把它从她的嘴里吸进去
and push it out through the five gill slits 把它从五个鳃缝里推出来
on either side of her head. 在她头的两边。
This action is known as "buccal pumping." 这个动作被称为“颊泵”
Facing into the fast-flowing sea current 面对快速流动的海流
makes this even easier. 这就更容易了。
She props herself up on her pectoral fins 她用胸鳍支撑自己
to lift up into the current. 上升到水流中。
Like the stingray, 就像黄貂鱼一样，
she also has spiracles behind her eyes 她的眼睛后面还有呼吸孔
to help her to breathe by drawing water in. 帮她吸点水呼吸。
This adaptation is unique to bottom-dwelling sharks and rays. 这种适应对于生活在海底的鲨鱼和鳐鱼来说是独一无二的。
Zebra sharks like this exposed part of the reef 像这样的斑马鲨露出礁石的一部分
with its strong sea currents. 以其强大的海流。
In these Arabian waters, the secretive hunters 在阿拉伯水域，神秘的猎人
are an unusually common sight during daylight. 在白天是非常常见的景象。
Above the reef is an archipelago of rocky, uninhabited islands. 在礁石的上方是一个多岩石、无人居住的岛屿。
These are the Damaniyat Islands. 这些是达曼尼亚特群岛。
Lying nine miles off the north coast of Oman, 位于阿曼北海岸9英里处，
the islands were the first in the country 这些岛屿是全国第一个
to be officially protected in 1996. 1996年被正式保护。
They are now one of 14 marine nature reserves in Oman. 它们现在是阿曼14个海洋自然保护区之一。
From the sea they may look barren and unwelcoming... 从海上看，他们可能显得贫瘠和不受欢迎。。。
..but life does exist here. ……但这里确实存在生命。
Seabirds use these islands to rest on and feed from. 海鸟利用这些岛屿休息和进食。
The rocky shores provide homes for crabs. 岩石海岸为螃蟹提供了栖息地。
At certain times of year even sea turtles will nest here. 每年的某些时候，甚至海龟也会在这里筑巢。
But it is the fringing coral reefs in the water around the islands 但它是岛屿周围水域中的边缘珊瑚礁
that attract the greatest variety of species. 吸引了种类最多的物种。
As the sun rises and the nocturnal hunters wind down, 当太阳升起，夜行的猎手们逐渐消散，
the daytime carnivores emerge from their night-time hideaways. 白天的食肉动物从夜间的隐蔽处出来。
The goatfish is one of the busiest in Arabian waters. 山羊鱼是阿拉伯水域最繁忙的鱼类之一。
This one actively digs for worms, crustaceans 这只会主动挖掘蠕虫和甲壳类动物
or other small invertebrates it can find. 或者其他小型无脊椎动物。
It uses the long barbels protruding from its chin 它使用从下巴伸出的长杠铃
to detect prey as it rifles through the sediment. 当猎物在沉淀物中来复无常时探测猎物。
Its distinctive colored markings give this one its name. 它独特的彩色标记使它得名。
Yellow-striped goatfish. 黄条纹山羊鱼。
The goatfish is not alone. 山羊鱼并不孤单。
Spinecheeks loiter nearby. 脊骨颊在附近徘徊。
This one is keeping a close eye what the goatfish is unearthing. 这只正在密切关注山羊鱼正在挖掘什么。
It does none of the work 它不起作用
but waits patiently, 但要耐心等待，
ready to reap the rewards of the goatfish's vigorous efforts. 准备好收获山羊鱼的积极努力的回报。
The spinecheek gets its name 尖刺脸蛋得名
from an almost invisible backwards-pointing spine 从一个几乎看不见的向后指向脊椎
just behind its eye. 就在它的眼睛后面。
This carnivore is a type of bream 这种食肉动物是鲷鱼的一种
but unlike his more familiar cousin, the sea bream, 但与他更熟悉的表亲海鲷不同，
which lives in deep water, 生活在深水中，
the spinecheek prefers these food-rich sandy shallows. 尖酸刻薄的人喜欢这些富含食物的沙质浅滩。
All fish have a lateral line running along each side of their bodies. 所有的鱼身体两侧都有一条横线。
In most fish it's not easy to see. 在大多数鱼身上不容易看到。
But the patterning of the spinecheek makes it more visible. 但是，棘颊的图案使它更加明显。
Running from nose to tail beneath its distinctive dorsal stripes. 在它独特的背纹下从鼻子到尾巴。
The row of small pores leads to a line of fluid beneath the skin, 一排排的小毛孔导致皮肤下面有一排液体，
which enable the fish to feel changes in water pressure. 使鱼能感觉到水压的变化。
This helps them to detect predators and prey... 这有助于它们发现捕食者和猎物。。。
..and also helps schools of fish to synchronize their movements. …也有助于鱼群同步运动。
The goatfish rarely gets any "alone time" for hunting. 山羊鱼很少有“独处时间”去狩猎。
If it's not the spinecheek then it's a black-spotted butterflyfish. 如果不是棘颊，那就是黑斑蝶。
This butterflyfish lives only in Arabian waters. 这种蝴蝶鱼只生活在阿拉伯水域。
It prefers to eat coral 它喜欢吃珊瑚
but it's not going to turn down 但不会变小
the chance of a free meal. 免费用餐的机会。
At last, the smaller of the two goatfish 最后，两条山羊鱼中较小的一条
strikes it lucky. 很幸运。
It's hit a patch of tasty invertebrates under the sand. 它击中了沙滩下的一小块无脊椎动物。
The two tuck in to their well-earned feast, 两人尽情享受他们应得的盛宴，
finally away from the attentions of their lazier followers. 终于摆脱了懒惰追随者的注意。
Not all of the coral garden carnivores 不是所有的珊瑚园食肉动物
are easy to see as they hunt. 它们捕猎时很容易看到。
Expertly camouflaged somewhere in the middle of the rocks and coral 熟练地伪装在岩石和珊瑚中间的某个地方
is one of the cleverest carnivores in the Arabian Seas. 是阿拉伯海最聪明的食肉动物之一。
Blending perfectly with its surroundings, 与周围环境完美融合，
a scorpionfish conceals itself as a piece of coral. 蝎子鱼把自己藏成一块珊瑚。
Only the slightest movement 只有最轻微的移动
gives this skilled mimic away. 给了这个熟练的模仿者。
This is a bearded scorpionfish, 这是一条有胡须的蝎子鱼，
a lethal ambush predator and highly toxic. 一种致命的伏击捕食者，剧毒。
It lies motionless, waiting to menace passing prey. 它一动不动地躺着，等待着威胁经过的猎物。
If it's quick, it will open its mouth fast enough to create a vacuum 如果它很快，它会张开嘴足够快来制造真空
and suck in its prey. 吸食猎物。
It too is partial to a meal of crustacean 它也偏食甲壳类动物
but the small fish hovering overhead 但是在头顶盘旋的小鱼
could also be in serious trouble. 也可能有严重的麻烦。
An unwary cardinalfish 粗心的红雀鱼
doesn't see the now perfectly still danger. 看不到现在完全静止的危险。
Missed! 错过！
The scorpionfish concedes defeat and moves on. 蝎子鱼认输，继续前进。
Again, barely visible in its new location, 在它的新位置几乎看不见，
it's a perfect match against the coral. 这和珊瑚礁是完美的搭配。
But this spot is already taken. 但这个位置已经被占领了。
A quick pinch from a coral crab sends it on its way. 珊瑚蟹的一个快速的捏就把它送到了它的路上。
Maybe it's just not his lucky day. 也许今天不是他的幸运日。
The glum-looking scorpionfish 阴郁的蝎子鱼
bears a strong family resemblance to its more flamboyant cousin, 与它的堂兄有着很强的家族相似性，
the equally deadly lionfish. 同样致命的狮子鱼。
Better known as the devil firefish in Arabian waters, 在阿拉伯水域被称为魔鬼萤火鱼，
this smooth operator drifts in search of its prey. 这个光滑的操作员在寻找猎物时会漂移。
The lionfish can alter its center of gravity better than most fish 狮子鱼比大多数鱼能更好地改变它的重心
thanks to specialized muscles on both sides of its swim bladder. 多亏了它两侧的特殊肌肉。
It carefully controls its position in the water. 它小心地控制它在水中的位置。
Its feathery fins conceal the movement of the pelvic fin 它羽毛般的鳍掩盖了骨盆鳍的运动
which can propel it stealthily towards unwary prey. 它能把它悄悄地推向不小心的猎物。
This is a useful deception for an ambush predator. 这对伏击捕食者来说是个有用的骗术。
Its bright colors and conspicuous patterns 它鲜艳的颜色和显眼的图案
signal danger to predators. 向捕食者发出危险信号。
This defensive strategy 这种防御策略
is known as aposematic coloration. 被称为语意着色。
The 13 spectacular dorsal spines are highly toxic. 13个壮观的背脊是剧毒的。
Its fan-like pectoral fins and those by its tail 它扇形的胸鳍和尾鳍
also pack a deadly punch. 也有致命一击。
This is not a carnivore to mess with. 这可不是肉食动物。
The lionfish is usually solitary, 狮子鱼通常是孤独的，
and will fiercely defend its home range against intruders, 并将猛烈地保卫自己的家园，抵御入侵者，
especially other lionfish. 尤其是其他狮子鱼。
But today two swim, apparently amiably, together. 但今天两个人显然和蔼可亲地在一起游泳。
Adults will occasionally come together to combine their hunting skills. 成年人偶尔会聚在一起，结合他们的狩猎技能。
This pair may be working co-operatively to corral small fish. 这对可能是在合作圈养小鱼。
They spread their pectoral fins wide 它们张开胸鳍
as they guide their prey towards the rocks, 当它们引导猎物接近岩石时，
where there's no escape. 在那里无法逃脱。
It doesn't always work. 它并不总是有效的。
Ambush is still the lionfish's most effective hunting strategy. 伏击仍然是狮子鱼最有效的狩猎策略。
But sometimes catching a meal 但有时吃饭
is as easy as opening their mouths. 就像张开嘴一样容易。
They can create a vacuum and suck up a fish 它们可以制造真空吸住鱼
in a split second. 一瞬间。
This one may have swallowed something it doesn't like. 这只可能吞下了它不喜欢的东西。
A big gulp 一大口
is the fish equivalent of a cough 咳嗽相当于鱼
and bony fish will cough up anything that tastes bad 有骨的鱼会吐出任何难吃的东西
or they can't digest. 要么他们消化不了。
Lionfish more commonly hunt at night, 狮子鱼通常在晚上捕食，
so these two may have better luck at the end of the day. 所以这两个人在一天结束时可能会有更好的运气。
Daytime temperatures above the reef 白天珊瑚礁上空的温度
can reach a staggering 116 degrees Fahrenheit. 可以达到116华氏度。
In the middle of the day, 在中午，
it's simply too hot to be active on land. 天气太热了，不能在陆地上活动。
Under the water, 在水下，
where temperatures are still up to 90 degrees Fahrenheit, 那里的温度仍然高达华氏90度，
another typically nocturnal carnivore is on the move. 另一种典型的夜间食肉动物正在移动。
This is a crown of thorns, 这是一顶荆棘冠冕，
an unusually large starfish 一种特别大的海星
that can grow to more than three feet in diameter. 直径可达3英尺以上。
Instead of five radiating arms, 而不是五个辐射臂，
typical of most starfish, 最典型的海星，
this extraordinary predator can grow a staggering 21. 这种非凡的捕食者可以长出惊人的21。
It's easy to see where the name comes from. 很容易看出这个名字的由来。
Hundreds of sharp defensive spines cover its entire body, 数百根锋利的防御刺覆盖了它的整个身体，
said to resemble Christ's biblical crown of thorns. 据说像基督的荆棘冠冕。
This one is surprisingly agile 这个非常敏捷
as it moves across the seafloor looking for prey. 当它穿过海底寻找猎物时。
Starfish typically move at a glacial pace of six inches a minute. 海星通常以每分钟6英寸的速度移动。
A small shoal of damselfish 一小群雌鱼
and a larger yellowfin grouper 还有更大的黄鳍石斑鱼
can see the predator as it approaches. 当捕食者靠近时能看到它。
And the crown of thorns can see them. 荆棘的冠冕也能看见。
An eye on the end of each arm can detect shape but no detail. 每只手臂末端的一只眼睛可以检测到形状，但不能检测到细节。
The fish appear to take flight... 鱼好像在飞。。。
..but they quickly return, …但是他们很快就回来了，
unfazed by the predator in their midst. 不为他们中间的掠食者所惊吓。
The crown of thorns is not interested in them. 荆棘之冠对它们不感兴趣。
It's after the hard coral beneath them. 在他们下面的硬珊瑚后面。
Its tentacles search for the tiny living coral polyps that cover the surface. 它的触角在寻找覆盖在表面的小珊瑚虫。
But this bush coral is no longer alive. 但是这丛珊瑚已经不存在了。
The hard skeleton remains have been taken over by algae. 这些坚硬的骨架已经被藻类占据了。
This is now the vegetarian feeding patch of the territorial damselfish. 这是现在的素食主义者的领地。
The hungry crown of thorns must look elsewhere. 饥肠辘辘的荆棘王冠一定要去别处看看。
Coral reefs are referred to as the gardens of the sea... 珊瑚礁被称为海洋花园。。。
..and are often mistaken for plants …经常被误认为是植物
but they are in fact tiny carnivorous animals. 但它们实际上是微小的食肉动物。
They feast on microscopic zooplankton, 它们以微小的浮游动物为食，
which they catch on the ebb and flow of the sea currents. 它们在海流的涨落中捕捉。
These coral gardens beneath Oman's Damaniyat Islands 阿曼达曼尼亚群岛下面的珊瑚园
are dominated by huge Acropora corals. 以巨大的顶孢珊瑚为主。
These hard corals are the major reef-building species, 这些硬珊瑚是主要的造礁物种，
like these spectacular plateaus of staghorn coral. 就像这些雄伟的鹿角珊瑚高原。
Branches of beautiful purple sea fans, 美丽的紫色海扇的树枝，
close relatives of coral, are also in abundance. 珊瑚的近亲，也很丰富。
So too are these teddy bear corals, 这些泰迪熊珊瑚也是，
one of the brightest soft corals on this reef. 珊瑚礁上最亮的软珊瑚之一。
Around the world, these tiny carnivores face grave danger. 在世界各地，这些小食肉动物面临着严重的危险。
Warming sea temperatures and pollution 海水温度升高和污染
are causing the dramatic collapse of coral reefs. 造成了珊瑚礁的巨大崩塌。
The water here can reach 90 degrees Fahrenheit, 这里的水可以达到华氏90度，
hotter than Australia's Great Barrier Reef. 比澳大利亚的大堡礁还要热。
But whilst other reefs suffer the devastating effects of coral bleaching, 但是当其他珊瑚礁遭受珊瑚白化的破坏性影响时，
in part from rising temperatures, 部分原因是温度上升，
the Damaniyat reefs so far remain less affected. 到目前为止，达曼尼亚暗礁的影响仍然较小。
This may be due to the Indian monsoon 这可能是由于印度季风
that sweeps up through the Arabian Sea in summer, 夏天席卷阿拉伯海，
bringing with it an upwelling of cold nutrient-rich water 带来了一股上升流的冷营养丰富的水
to Oman's southern coast. 去阿曼南部海岸。
Off the north coast, 在北海岸外，
the Damaniyat Islands are protected from the full force of this cold upwelling 达曼尼亚特群岛受到保护，不受这种冷上升流的影响
but benefit from pockets of cooler water moving in. 但受益于少量的冷水流入。
As a result, sea temperatures here 因此，这里的海水温度
are among the most variable in the world. 是世界上变化最大的国家之一。
Avoiding the constant heat 避免持续高温
could be helping to keep the corals alive. 可能有助于珊瑚的存活。
The coral polyps still face danger from predatory carnivores. 珊瑚虫仍然面临着食肉动物的威胁。
A bleached scar can be evidence of death. 褪色的伤疤可能是死亡的证据。
The perpetrator is already onto its next victim. 肇事者已经找到了下一个受害者。
A healthy reef can actually benefit from 一个健康的珊瑚礁实际上可以从中受益
some damage to the fast-growing Acropora coral 对快速生长的顶孢珊瑚的一些损害
by giving slower growing species more space to establish, 通过给生长缓慢的物种更多的空间来建立，
like this brain coral, 就像这个脑珊瑚，
currently occupied by a moray eel. 现在被一条海鳗占据。
Come the late afternoon, 下午晚些时候来，
the crown of thorns is still on the prowl. 荆棘之冠仍在徘徊。
Tiny cardinalfish hitch a ride, 小红雀搭便车，
tucked in amongst the hundreds of black toxic spines. 藏在成百上千的黑色毒刺中。
These little nocturnal carnivores 这些夜间活动的小食肉动物
gain sanctuary with their spiked protector 他们的守护者得到了他们的庇护
until darkness falls, 直到夜幕降临，
when they too will head out to hunt. 当他们也会去打猎。
As their host travels over the reef, 当它们的主人在礁石上旅行时，
its long, white tubular feet probe for tasty coral polyps. 它的白色管状长脚探测美味的珊瑚虫。
If it finds some, it feeds in the most remarkable way. 如果它找到了一些，它就会以最显著的方式进食。
It's able to push its entire stomach 它能推动整个胃
out through its mouth on its underside 从它下面的嘴伸出来
to smother the coral. 去扼杀珊瑚。
Stomach enzymes break down the living coral tissue 胃酶分解活珊瑚组织
into a kind of "soup", 变成一种“汤”，
which the crown of thorns then sucks up 荆棘的冠冕就会吸上来
as it retracts its stomach back in through its mouth. 当它通过嘴把胃缩回。
This extraordinary tactic 这种非凡的策略
allows it to feast five times faster than other starfish. 它可以比其他海星吃得快五倍。
Its weaponized arms are prehensile, 它的武器是可以抓握的，
meaning they can grasp or hold on to an object. 意思是他们能抓住或抓住一个物体。
Within a minute, the carnivore smothers the coral. 不到一分钟，食肉动物就闷死了珊瑚。
Its tiny passengers jump ship 它的小乘客跳船
into the equally protective spines of an adjacent sea urchin, 在附近海胆的脊椎上，
their more common host. 它们更常见的宿主。
The crown of thorns keeps moving on its destructive coral path. 荆棘之冠在它毁灭性的珊瑚路上继续前进。
But this staghorn coral is already fatally damaged. 但这种鹿角珊瑚已经受到致命的破坏。
Crown of thorns often return to the scene of their feasting crimes 荆棘冠经常回到他们大吃大喝的犯罪现场
to remove any last polyp survivors. 移除最后的息肉幸存者。
The hunter has already sucked the life out of this coral, 猎人已经从珊瑚中吸取了生命，
evidenced by the algae and fine mucus now coating the skeletal remains. 骨骼残骸上覆盖着藻类和细小的粘液。
The master of coral mimicry, 珊瑚模仿大师，
the bearded scorpionfish, 长胡子的蝎子鱼，
has found itself a new afternoon dining spot. 找到了一个新的下午餐厅。
Color-matched to the brain coral to the right, 颜色与右边的脑珊瑚相匹配，
only a flicker of an eye reveals its true identity. 只有一眨眼，它的真实身份才会显露出来。
It waits patiently for a nervous shrimp 它耐心地等待一只紧张的小虾
to make a fatal mistake. 犯一个致命的错误。
The bearded scorpionfish gets its name from 长胡子的蝎子鱼得名于
the leafy tassels beneath its wide, powerful mouth. 它宽大有力的嘴下面的叶状流苏。
Known as cirrus, they extend across the body, 被称为卷云，它们遍布全身，
breaking up the hard outline, 打破僵硬的轮廓，
allowing it to virtually disappear. 让它几乎消失。
Something catches its eye. 有东西引起了它的注意。
A small goby, 一只小虎鱼，
not quite within strike range. 不完全在攻击范围内。
The hunter makes its move. 猎人开始行动。
It lacks the gliding ability of its more elegant relative, 它的滑翔能力不如它更优雅的亲戚，
the lionfish. 狮子鱼。
Without even a basic swim bladder 连基本的鱼鳔都没有
to control its buoyancy, 为了控制浮力，
it must use its pectoral fins 它必须用它的胸鳍
to stumble across the bumpy reef. 偶然发现崎岖的礁石。
Like its relative and also its land-loving namesake, 就像它的亲戚和热爱土地的人一样，
this scorpion has a nasty sting. 这只蝎子螫得很厉害。
Venom glands are concealed at the base of these tasseled fins. 毒腺隐藏在这些流苏鳍的底部。
Divers beware! 潜水员小心！
If touched, this one can inflict intense pain 如果触碰它，它会造成剧烈的疼痛
and cause a whole limb to swell in minutes. 使整个肢体在几分钟内肿胀。
The toxic terror becomes stealthier in its approach. 这种有毒的恐怖在其接近中变得更加隐秘。
But the wily goby is alert to the danger. 但狡猾的虎鱼对危险很警觉。
It stays perfectly still to avoid detection. 它完全静止以避免被发现。
The scorpionfish doesn't see the immobile goby... 蝎子鱼看不见不动的虎鱼。。。
..and misses another opportunity to feed. …错过了另一个进食的机会。
The female zebra shark has spent most of the day alone. 雌性斑马鲨一整天大部分时间都是独自一人。
By late afternoon she has company. 到下午晚些时候，她有人陪她。
Nearby, a male is on the move... 附近，一只雄性正在移动。。。
..and looks ready for action. …看起来准备好行动了。
With dusk rapidly approaching, 黄昏快到了，
he may be preparing to hunt. 他可能正准备打猎。
But this one appears to have something else in mind. 但这一次似乎有别的想法。
He nibbles the female's tail. 他咬着雌性的尾巴。
It's the first sign of courtship. 这是求爱的第一个迹象。
If he's to succeed in his romantic advances, 如果他想在他的浪漫追求中成功，
this male will need to keep a firm grasp of the tail. 这只雄性需要牢牢抓住尾巴。
To win her over, he must be tenacious. 要想赢得她的芳心，他必须很顽强。
His love interest won't wait long. 他对爱情的兴趣不会等太久。
Zebra shark courtship is seldom witnessed in the wild. 斑马鲨求爱在野外很少见到。
But this encounter offers a rare glimpse 但这次邂逅提供了难得的一瞥
into the shark's private life. 进入鲨鱼的私人生活。
This male is smaller than his potential partner. 这个男人比他的潜在伴侣要小。
He's possibly only just reached sexual maturity 他可能只是性成熟而已
and is new to the mating game. 而且是交配游戏中的新手。
If he's to succeed he will need to be more assertive. 如果他想成功，他就需要更加自信。
Before mating, an experienced male 交配前，有经验的雄性
will hold his partner either by the tail or pectoral fin 会抓住他的搭档的尾巴或胸鳍
for several minutes. 几分钟。
Then he must twist her onto her back. 然后他必须把她扭到她背上。
But this one hasn't got past first base yet. 但这个还没过一垒。
At last, he gets the tail. 最后，他得到了尾巴。
Now he has to spin her over. 现在他得把她转过来。
In the end, the young Romeo gives up. 最后，年轻的罗密欧放弃了。
If she's mated in the past, the female may not need him. 如果她以前交配过，那么雌性可能不需要他。
Remarkably, zebra sharks 值得注意的是，斑马鲨
are able to reproduce long after mating takes place, 能够在交配后很长时间内繁殖，
giving the impression 给人印象
of nature's own immaculate conception. 完美的自然概念。
But it's not unusual among sharks 但这在鲨鱼中并不罕见
for females to store sperm for several years. 为女性储存精子数年。
As the daylight begins to fade, 当天色渐暗，
other nocturnal carnivores prepare to hunt again. 其他夜间食肉动物准备再次狩猎。
Two stingrays circle the seafloor. 两只黄貂鱼在海底盘旋。
These are cowtail stingrays. 这些是牛尾刺鳐。
They rest in twos or threes for protection 他们三三两两地休息以保护自己
but are solitary hunters. 但都是孤独的猎人。
The two don't stay together for long. 两人在一起的时间不长。
Cowtail stingrays have tapering, flag-like tails 牛尾刺鳐的尾巴细而像旗子
and triangular pectoral fins. 胸鳍和三角鳍。
The cowtail hunts for crustaceans and mollusks. 牛尾鱼捕食甲壳类动物和软体动物。
This stingray is also partial to a bony fish, 这条黄貂鱼也是一条骨瘦如柴的鱼，
especially those that lie on the seafloor. 尤其是那些躺在海底的。
A flatfish is a perfect target. 比目鱼是完美的目标。
This one is a sole, 这个是鞋底，
a favorite on both human and cowtail menus. 人和牛尾菜单上的最爱。
Eyes on the topside of its body keep watch for danger. 眼睛盯着它的身体上部，随时注意危险。
It edges itself slowly away from a perceived threat 它慢慢地从一种可以察觉到的威胁中走出来
using its filament fins to push itself across the sand. 用它的长丝鳍把自己推过沙滩。
By day, the sole either digs itself under the sand to hide... 白天，鞋底要么挖到沙子下面藏起来。。。
..or lies perfectly still, …或者完全静止不动，
using its expert camouflage 使用它的专家伪装
to melt into its surroundings. 融入周围环境。
This one is eager to escape... 这个人渴望逃离。。。
..but is careful to avoid alerting the stingray to its location. …但是要小心避免让黄貂鱼知道它的位置。
This fish has a sting in its own proverbial tail. 这条鱼的尾巴上有刺。
200 glands along its fins 200个腺体沿着它的鳍
excrete a toxic substance 排出有毒物质
that acts as a shark and ray repellent. 就像鲨鱼和鳐鱼的驱蚊剂。
If the stingray makes contact, 如果黄貂鱼有接触，
the sole will unleash the chemical, 鞋底会释放出化学物质，
disrupting the predator's gills, causing it to flee. 打乱了捕食者的鳃，导致它逃跑。
But the sole avoids detection this time. 但这次鞋底避免了被发现。
The second stingray lacks the billowing tail flag of its companion, 第二条黄貂鱼缺少它同伴翻滚的尾旗，
most likely a casualty of a hammerhead or requiem shark attack. 很可能是锤头鲨或安魂曲鲨鱼袭击的受害者。
Some species of stingray can re-grow a lost venomous barb. 有些种类的黄貂鱼可以重新长出失去的毒刺。
The stingray drifts off through shoals of chromis. 黄貂鱼漂过铬质浅滩。
These and other diurnal fish 这些和其他日间活动的鱼
will soon seek shelter within the reef crevices and overhangs 很快就会在暗礁的裂缝和悬垂处寻求庇护
to avoid the other emerging nocturnal predators. 为了避开其他夜间活动的食肉动物。
The day is drawing to a close. 这一天快结束了。
Light fades fast beneath the waves. 光在波浪下很快褪色。
A solitary lionfish cruises the reef 一只孤独的狮子鱼在礁石上游弋
at the start of its nightly hunt. 在它夜间狩猎开始的时候。
Its long toxic fin filaments radiate like streamers 它有毒的长鳍丝像流光一样放射
to keep predators at bay. 阻止捕食者。
The reef feels eerily empty 礁石感觉空得可怕
as it swims with purpose over a vast colony of bush coral. 当它有目的地游过广阔的灌木丛珊瑚群时。
At each crevice, 在每个缝隙，
the lionfish simply watches and waits. 狮子鱼只是观察和等待。
Finally, its patience pays off. 最后，它的耐心得到了回报。
It gets its first meal of the night. 它得到了今晚的第一顿饭。
The zebra shark sets off on her own quest for food. 斑马鲨开始自己寻找食物。
In the dying light she doesn't need to see her prey. 在垂死的光线下，她不需要看到她的猎物。
She can smell it. 她能闻到。
Up to two thirds of a shark's brain 鲨鱼大脑的三分之二
is made up of smell sensors known as olfactory lobes. 是由嗅觉器官组成的。
Moving her head as she swims 她一边游泳一边摇头
helps her detect the exact direction of where to find a crab or shrimp. 帮助她找到螃蟹或虾的确切方向。
Tonight she will hunt without company 今晚她会在没有同伴的情况下狩猎
as she disappears into the darkness, 当她消失在黑暗中，
a magnificent carnivore among the coral garden. 珊瑚园中的一种华丽的食肉动物。